The Pennsylvania State University
Cover for the book Slovakia on the Road to Independence

Slovakia on the Road to Independence

An American Diplomat's Eyewitness Account Paul Hacker, and with a foreword by Senator Claiborne Pell
  • Publish Date: 3/22/2010
  • Dimensions: 6 x 9
  • Page Count: 256 pages
  • Illustrations: 20 illustrations
  • Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-271-03623-6

Hardcover Edition: $65.00Add to Cart

“One crucial period of Slovak history, 1990–1993, is often neglected when Western commentators analyze all that came after. The reason for the omission is very simple: there were almost no foreigners in Slovakia to observe it. Paul Hacker was there. This book is living history, with reminiscences ranging from insights into the background of politically crucial events to accounts of the travails of a diplomat’s everyday life in a state newly emerged from communist rule. All are fascinating.

“The history of the breakup of Czechoslovakia has largely been written from the perspective of actors based in Prague. Hacker’s account not only balances this bias but also tells the story from the place where it really happened.”
“Drawing on his experiences as the senior U.S. diplomat stationed in Bratislava before and immediately after Slovak independence, Paul Hacker provides a fascinating account of Slovakia’s ‘velvet divorce’ from its Czech partner and its challenging early development as a newly independent democracy seeking to integrate into the trans-Atlantic community.”
“Paul Hacker arrived in Slovakia at a critical time, when we were just starting to overcome the legacy of totalitarianism. He was also in a unique position as the first American representative on the scene in Slovakia in over forty years. He is a sympathetic but objective observer of our developments, and when he sent his first cable welcoming Slovakia into the family of nations, he did so with the wish that our people would enjoy the blessings of peace, freedom, and prosperity.”

During the breakup of the Soviet Union, the countries of Eastern Europe underwent transitions to democracy that involved varying degrees of struggle and turmoil. Czechoslovakia eventually split in two with the establishment of separate Czech and Slovak republics in 1993. Paul Hacker witnessed this transition firsthand from his vantage point as head of the U.S. Consulate in Bratislava. This is his story of U.S. diplomacy during this period, from the time the consulate was reestablished there in 1990 (after a forty-year hiatus during the Cold War) through the opening of the U.S. Embassy in 1993 after Slovakia had gained its independence. The memoir covers the volatile political intrigues and changes of the era, the administrative challenges of operating a small diplomatic outpost that was dependent on the embassy based in Prague (headed for much of this period by the high-profile U.S. ambassador Shirley Temple Black), tensions between Slovaks and Czechs and between the Slovak majority and its ethnic Hungarian minority population, the legacy of the Holocaust, and the developments that finally led to independence for Slovakia. In a final chapter, Hacker brings the story of Slovak postindependence political history up to the present, including Slovakia’s accession to both NATO and the European Union.

Paul Hacker had a long career in the Foreign Service (1973–2003). From 1990 to 1992 he was the principal officer of the U.S. Consulate General in Bratislava, Slovakia, and chargé d’affaires of the U.S. Embassy in Slovakia after that country gained independence in 1993.

Contents

List of Illustrations

Foreword

Claiborne de Borda Pell

Political Party and Organizational Acronyms

Introduction

1. By Way of Prelude

2. Getting Organized in Slovakia

3. Na Slovensku Po Slovenský: Crisis over the Language Law

4. The Gulf War and Slovakia

5. The VPN Implodes

6. Ambassador Shirley Temple Black: The Person and the Flower

7. More Hungarian Problems: Gabčikovo, the Constitution, and the Road Signs

8. Czech-Slovak Relations

9. Countdown to the 1992 Elections

10. Slovakia’s Second Revolution: Mečiar’s Triumphant Return

11. Aftermath of the 1992 Elections: The Breakup of the Federation

12. Human Rights in Slovakia

13. The Slovak State and the Jewish Question

14. Trnava University: Assault on Academic Freedom or Dialogue of the Deaf?

15. The Microphone Episode

16. Vladimír Mečiar

17. Other Slovak Personalities

18. U.S. Policy and Czechoslovakia

19. Independence and Its Aftermath: The Domestic Angle

20. Independence and Its Aftermath: The Foreign Angle

21. Do Videnia, Slovensko

Postscript: Sixteen Years of Independence

Glossary of Slovak Political Organizations

Glossary of Czech and Slovak Personalities

Appendixes

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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