The culture and economy of Pennsylvania have been developing for more than 300 years. As a consequence, human activities have evolved from those based on primary occupations in the eighteenth century to the manufacturing economy of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to the tertiary functions of the late twentieth century. With each major change in economic structure the geographic patterns also changed. The Geography of Pennsylvania charts those changes and provides a spatial analysis of each key geographic function taking place in the state. This book will be an indispensable reference for those who want to understand the factors that shaped Pennsylvania into the dynamic society it is today.

Contents

Preface

American Roots in Pennsylvania Soil Peirce Lewis

Part One: The Natural Landscapes

Landforms and Human Habitat Ben Marsh and Peirce F. Lewis

Climate Brent Yarnal

Water Resources E. Willard Miller

Soil Resources E. Willard Miller

Forest Resources Richard D. Schein and E. Willard Miller

Part Two: The People

Growth and Characteristics of Pennsylvania's Population Paul D. Simkins

Ethnic Geography Wilbur Zelinsky

Cultural Geography Wilbur Zelinsky

Political Geography Anthony V. Williams

Recreation and Tourism Wilbur Zelinsky

Part Three: The Economy

Agriculture E. Willard Miller

Mineral Resources E. Willard Miller

Transportation E. Willard Miller

Manufacturing E. Willard Miller

The Rise and Decline of Pennsylvania's Steel Industry Allan L. Rodgers

Services Ronald F. Abler

Part Four: The Cities

The Location and Growth of Pennsylvania's Metropolitan Areas Rodney A. Erickson

The Internal Spatial Structure of Pennsylvania's Metropolitan Areas Rodney A. Erickson

Postindustrial Philadelphia Roman A. Cybriwsky

Pittsburgh: An Urban Region in Transition E. Willard Miller