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Terrorism in Context
652 pages | 18 illustrations | 6 x 9 | 1995
Cloth edition is not available
ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 | paper: $34.95 sh
“Martha Crenshaw, a scholar of repute on terrorism, has done a commendable job of compiling fourteen essays grouped under three broad categories of terrorism. . . . Those cases of terrorism which are peculiar in nature or have caused serious consequences to domestic political processes are included under each category. They spread across the world covering developed and developing States, include both democratic and authoritarian regimes, represent the past and the present, explain continuities and discontinuities in the development of violent political action in a variety of contexts, and situate terrorism in the paradigm of relationship between State and society and between Governments and oppositions.” —P. Sahadevan, International Studies
An interdisciplinary investigation of the phenomenon of terrorism in its political, social, and economic context as it has occurred throughout the world from the nineteenth century to the present.
Acts of violence committed by terrorists have become a staple of news reports in modern times, from hijackings to bombings, kidnappings to assassinations. How are we to understand both the causes and the consequences of these disturbing events? The key, this volume of original essays shows, lies in linking terrorism to the different contexts-historical, political, social, and economic-in which it occurs.
The fourteen contributors to this volume-historians, political scientists, and sociologists-provide the expertise to explain the continuities and discontinuities in the development of this form of violent political action in a variety of contexts. They link terrorism to the pattern of relations between state and society and between government and oppositions. Their studies range from the early manifestations of terrorism in revolutionary Russia and the anarchist movements of Western Europe and the United States in the late nineteenth century up to the terrorism still ongoing in Latin America and the Middle East. A section on left-wing terrorism covers the activities of the Italian Red Brigades and German Red Army Faction in the 1960s and 1970s, the urban guerrilla warfare in Argentina in the 1970s, and the rise of Sendero Luminoso in Peru during the 1980s and 1990s. Another section deals with terrorism arising from conflicts in divided societies-by Basques in Spain, the IRA in Northern Ireland, and Sihks in India. The last major section considers terrorism as it has been linked to the establishment of nation-states in Algeria, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the effort of Iran to export its Islamic revolution throughout the Middle East.
The Introduction sets the stage for the individual case studies by outlining an approach to analyzing terrorism in different historical contexts, and the Conclusion by French sociologist Michel Wieviorka highlights some of the common themes that emerge from the case studies and addresses their implications for further research.
Martha Crenshaw is Professor of Government at Wesleyan University, author of Revolutionary Terrorism: The FLN in Algeria, 1954-1962 (Hoover, 1978), and editor of Terrorism, Legitimacy, and Power (Wesleyan, 1983).
Contents
INTRODUCTION
Thoughts
on Relating Terrorism to Historical Contexts Martha Crenshaw
PART
I: THE EUROPEAN ORIGINS OF REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISM
The Intellectual Origins of Modern Terrorism in Europe Martin
A. Miller
Russian Revolutionary Terrorism Philip Pomper
PART
II: MODERN REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISM
Left-Wing Terrorism in Italy Donatella della Porta
West German Left-Wing Terrorism Peter H. Merkl
Political Violence in Argentina: Guerrillas, Terrorists, and Carapintadas
Richard Gillespie
The Revolutionary Terrorism of Peru’s Shining Path David
Scott Palmer
PART
III: IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND TERRITORIAL CLAIMS
The Culture of Paramilitarism in Ireland Charles Townshend
Political Violence and Terrorism in India: The Crisis of Identity
Paul Wallace
Political Violence in a Democratic State: Basque Terrorism in Spain
Goldie Shabad and Francisco José Llera Ramo
PART
IV: NATIONALISM AND STATE FORMATION
The Effectiveness of Terrorism in the Algerian War Martha Crenshaw
Terrorism in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Targets and Audiences Ian
S. Lustick
Terrorism and Politics in Iran Jerrold D. Green
CONCLUSION
Terrorism in the Context of Academic Research Michel Wieviorka