Share This Page
The Constraint of Race
Legacies of White Skin Privilege in America
440 pages | 6 x 9 | 2003
Cloth edition is not available
ISBN 978-0-271-02535-3 | paper: $33.00 sh
"The Constraint of Race is a first-rate book by a thoughtful scholar-participant. Engaging an ongoing controversial debate, the author convincingly sustains her thesis that race continues to be a driving force in the formulation and implementation of social policy in the United States. Williams's analyses link the past to the present in an intelligent, comprehensive way that provides an understanding of the important word in her title, 'legacies.'"—Charles V. Hamilton, Columbia University
The Constraint of Race offers a challenging new approach to understanding the evolution of American social policy and the racial politics shaping it. Rather than focusing on the disadvantages suffered by blacks in the American welfare state, Linda Faye Williams looks at the other side of the coin: the advantages enjoyed by whites. Her hope is that rendering the benefits of "white skin privilege" more visible will help undermine their acceptance as "normal" and motivate renewed efforts toward achieving a more just and equitable society.
Williams begins her analysis by comparing two programs of federal provision in the mid-nineteenth century—the Freedmen's Bureau and the Civil War Veterans' Pension system. Already at this early stage of its development, she shows, the emerging welfare state effectively denied blacks the protections it provided white Americans and simultaneously stigmatized blacks as welfare "dependents." The linkages among race, moral worthiness, and social policy established then have persisted to the present.
Her reexamination of key episodes in the later evolution of the American welfare state from the New Deal through the Clinton administration reveals how developments in social policy have advanced the privileges attached to "whiteness" by a variety of mechanisms: the ongoing reinterpretation of the American tradition of liberal individualism in racialized ways; the slow accretion of policy legacies; the construction of "whiteness" itself as a political category; and the normal procedures of coalition building and electoral politics. Through these connected processes, whiteness and the protection of white privilege became fundamental to the operation of American democracy, and their centrality has been continually reinforced by social policy. The result has been a politics in which race is used as a weapon by political parties and candidates to constrain and turn back the American welfare state.
Looking to the future, Williams concludes by considering the socioeconomic conditions and political mechanisms that might help overcome the iron grip that white privilege holds on American social politics.
Linda Faye Williams is Associate Professor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. She is the author of From Exclusion to Inclusion (1992).
Contents
Preface
Introduction
1. America’s First Undeserving and Deserving Poor: Beneficiaries of the Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil War Veterans’ Pensions
2. White Security: The Birth of the American Welfare State
3. An Assault on White Privilege: Civil Rights and the Great Society
4. The Path Bends: Retrenchment from Nixon to Reagan-Bush
5. Racially Charged Policy Making: Crime and Welfare Reform in the Clinton Years
6. Addressing "America’s Constant Curse": The Politics of Civil Rights in the Clinton Years
7. Whose Welfare System Is It Anyway? The Three Tracks of Social Citizenship and Racial Inequality
8. "The Problem of Race": American Social Policy at the Dawn of a New Century
Conclusion
Appendix
Index