Indigenous Life After the Conquest

This book presents a unique set of written records belonging to the De la Cruz family, caciques of Tepemaxalco in the Toluca Valley. Composed in Nahuatl and Spanish and available here both in the original languages and in English translation, this collection of documents opens a window onto the life of a family from colonial Mexico’s indigenous elite and sheds light on the broader indigenous world within the Spanish colonial system.

The main text is a record created in 1647 by long-serving governor don Pedro de la Cruz and continued by his heirs through the nineteenth century, along with two wills and several other notable documents. These sources document a community history, illuminating broader issues centering on politics, religion, and economics as well as providing unusual insight into the concerns and values of indigenous leaders. These texts detail the projects financed by the De la Cruz family, how they talked about them, and which belongings they deemed important enough to pass along after their death.

Designed for classroom use, this clear and concise primary source includes a wealth of details about indigenous everyday life and preserves and makes accessible a rich and precious heritage. The engaging introduction highlights issues of class relations and the public and performative character of Nahua Christianity. The authors provide the necessary tools to help students understand the colonial context in which these documents were produced.

“Indigenous Life After the Conquest has the potential to introduce students and scholars to a language of singular importance for the field of Mesoamerican studies and to some of the primary historical sources that are its stock-in-trade.”—Pablo García Loaeza, coeditor of The Improbable Conquest: Sixteenth-Century Letters from the Río de la Plata

“While Nahuatl texts created for use within the Indigenous communities have now been extensively studied, the De la Cruz papers are particularly valuable for their abundant references to specific individuals and their concerns. The detail on religious life, including funding sources and expenditures on rituals, musical instruments, and church décor, including exactly what don Pedro or others paid for various items, is unparalleled.”—Louise M. Burkhart, coauthor of Painted Words: Nahua Catholicism, Politics, and Memory in the Atzaqualco Pictorial Catechism

“Renowned experts, Pizzigoni and Townsend bring their knowledge of colonial Nahuatl as well as Nahua cultural and social history to these unique sources.”—Amber Brian, Hispanic American Historical Review

Caterina Pizzigoni is Associate Professor of History at Columbia University. She is the author of The Life Within: Local Indigenous Society in Mexico’s Toluca Valley, 1650–1800.

Camilla Townsend is Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is the author of Annals of Native America: How the Nahuas of Colonial Mexico Kept Their History Alive; Malintzin: Una mujer indígena en la Conquista de México; and Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley.

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

Maps

Introduction

Document 1: The De la Cruz Family Record Book

Nahuatl text

English text

Document 2: The Tepemaxalco Tribute Notebook in 1658

Document 3: Parish Records of the Birth of Don Juan de la Cruz’s Siblings (1640s)

Document 4: The Will of Don Pedro de la Cruz

Document 5: The Will of Don Juan de la Cruz

Epilogue

Appendix: A Brief Note on Language and Orthography

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

Download a PDF sample chapter here: Introduction

History

           Early Modern

           Eighteenth-century

           Latin American

Latin American Studies

           History

Medieval and Early Modern Studies

           Early Modern History